The influencing factors of ceramic pigment color effect

For ceramic pigment, its color effect depends on the existence of coloring ions status first, secondly depends on the pigment production process conditions, and the latter affects the former.
1. The coloring ion valence and the coordination number
Coloring ions in the outer electrons of different valence structure will be different, when light energy level splitting and electron transition is not the case; Coloring ions coordination number is different, the formation of the ligand state is different, there are differences between the spectral absorption band wavelength position, thus present a different color. The color of ceramic pigment material mainly is the transition metal ions and compounds of rare earth metal ions. Transition metal ions and the color of rare earth metal ions were related to 3 d, 4 f electronic transition layer.

2 the making craft of ceramic pigments
The making craft of ceramic stains is also the important factors that affect the color. If the same kind of pigment, different process conditions, the Ceramic Color  difference is very big also.

(1) the selection of raw materials. ceramic raw materials mainly affecting the effects of pigment color coloring materials and mineralizer. Different forms of coloring materials as well as the introduction of different kinds of mineralizer, will make the same quality of material presents a different color effect.
When making chrome-tin red material, for example, respectively with Cr2O3, K2Cr2O7, BaCrO4 introduced three different forms of chromium compound such as the same number of shading element Cr, it was found that chemical pure Cr2O3 is the best form of the introduction of Cr. Cr2O3 ingredients directly after the calcine not only material layer and uniform color, and the color is the most lively, with less purple tones; K2Cr2O7 as the source of the Cr made of pigment not only the color purple is heavier, and the fluctuation of raw material layer and the color is also very inconsistent; While BaCrO4 unfit to make color deeper chrome-tin red material, the introduction of the three kinds of chromium compounds, it is the color of the light and uncertain, made with brown pigment hue.
Again, such as, in the making craft of zirconium TieGongSe material, with ferric oxide is introduced into Fe2O3, deep coral red pigment, With ferrous sulfate introduction of Fe2O3, coral red pigment is bright. At the same time, to make the color selection of mineralizer, fluoride is the main factors influencing the pigment synthesis, its main effect is to strengthen of pigment synthesis coloring ions embedded in zircon lattice, and the intensity of the role, directly affect the synthetic pigment color effect.

(2) the processing of raw materials. The processing of raw materials mainly include two aspects, one is single the fineness of raw material, the second is the mixing degree of the batch. In general, a single material fineness of the thinner, the better synthetic pigment color; After batch mixed more evenly, the synthetic pigment color is pure, even. There is, however, exceptions, for example, somebody was making use of plasma decomposition synthesis of zircon zirconium vanadium blue material experiment is found that plasma decomposition zircon (PDZ) the fineness of the thinner, the synthesis of zirconium vanadium blue material is the more shallow light color, the reason is that the fineness of the thinner PDZ, the greater its reactivity, the vanadium colorants has not been able to enter the ZrSiO4 is generated ZrSiO4 crystal lattice temperature, thus make into the lattice of V4 + greatly reduced, resulting in synthesis of pigment color shallow light.

(3) the color pigments synthesis conditions. Ceramic pigment synthesis products generally are high temperature, thus the synthesis conditions are the key factors that influence the color. Different kinds of Pr.Yellow pigment and the use of different materials of the same color material, its synthetic conditions (and atmosphere calcine temperature, synthetic time) are different, should take a test to determine its synthetic conditions.

(4) composite processing. Composite after fine grinding, washing, to become a Ceramic Colors product. In general, composite processing fineness of the thinner, the cleaner the washing, the ink color is pure, deep. Zirconium TieGongSe after synthetic material, for example, there are usually some Fe2O3 not into the ZrSiO4 lattice, such as not using acid pickling to remove this part of Fe2O3, pigment when use, will not get the pure coral red tones, and because of Fe2O3 exists in glaze, and produce other glaze defects.